N-400 Processing Index: naturalization backlogs and denial rates at every USCIS field office
How long the queue is at each of the 93 USCIS field offices that decide naturalization cases, and how often each one says no. Built from the quarterly case data USCIS publishes, and from nothing else.
What changed this quarter
In the October to December 2025 quarter, USCIS approved 147,200 naturalization applications. In the same quarter a year earlier it approved 205,488. That is a fall of 28%, and it happened while applications kept arriving at close to the usual rate: 252,190 were received in the quarter, against 241,019 a year earlier.
The slowdown is not confined to a few offices. Approvals fell at 76 of the 84 field offices large enough to compare against the previous quarter. The denial rate rose at 67 of 85 rated offices against the same quarter last year. Cases waiting for a decision reached 620,920, the highest in the two years of data we hold.
What this does not tell you. This quarter, October to December 2025, is also the quarter in which the 2025 civics test took effect, on 20 October 2025, and it follows several announced changes to how USCIS vets applications. The data published by USCIS records case counts only. It does not record why a case was decided the way it was, and it cannot show what caused the change. We report the movement and leave the cause open, because the data does not settle it.
What the numbers say
33.0 quarters of work queued: 13,196 cases waiting, 400 decided in the quarter. The widest gap in the country.
1.3 quarters queued. An applicant at Lawrence sits behind roughly 25 times as much work as one at Cincinnati.
Imperial denied 89 of 238 cases it decided. Nationally the figure was 11.1%.
Full ranking
All 93 field offices. 85 are rated: they completed at least 200 cases in the quarter, which is enough for a rate to mean something. The rest are shown with their case counts and no rate.
| Field office | State | Queuequarters of work | Denial rateof cases decided | Waitingcases pending | Queue vs 1 yr agochange in quarters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawrence | Massachusetts | 33.0 | 29.3% | 13,196 | +26.8 |
| Boston | Massachusetts | 8.7 | 9.2% | 14,762 | +5.3 |
| Indianapolis | Indiana | 7.6 | 15.8% | 6,690 | +4.9 |
| Las Vegas | Nevada | 7.4 | 11.4% | 6,755 | +5.7 |
| Imperial | California | 7.1 | 37.4% | 1,699 | +4.5 |
| Santa Ana | California | 7.0 | 26.7% | 11,726 | +5.3 |
| Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | 6.7 | 10.7% | 5,802 | +4.4 |
| San Fernando Valley | California | 6.4 | 12.5% | 10,010 | +4.2 |
| New Orleans | Louisiana | 6.4 | 19.2% | 3,514 | +4.5 |
| Jacksonville | Florida | 6.0 | 7.8% | 5,512 | -0.8 |
| Denver | Colorado | 6.0 | 12.5% | 9,672 | +3.9 |
| Fort Meyers | Florida | 5.9 | 14.0% | 6,032 | -0.6 |
| Dallas | Texas | 5.9 | 11.4% | 22,135 | +4.0 |
| Houston | Texas | 5.8 | 11.3% | 27,425 | +3.6 |
| St. Paul | Minnesota | 5.8 | 10.4% | 8,360 | +3.7 |
| Newark | New Jersey | 5.7 | 18.5% | 14,938 | +4.1 |
| Raleigh | North Carolina | 5.6 | 8.0% | 6,380 | +3.6 |
| Buffalo | New York | 5.5 | 12.9% | 5,806 | +2.9 |
| Fresno | California | 5.5 | 10.6% | 8,234 | +2.7 |
| San Diego | California | 5.4 | 10.0% | 10,324 | +3.6 |
| Orlando | Florida | 5.2 | 16.0% | 12,461 | +2.2 |
| Omaha | Nebraska | 5.2 | 13.7% | 3,238 | +3.6 |
| West Palm Beach | Florida | 5.0 | 18.3% | 8,058 | +1.9 |
| Tampa | Florida | 5.0 | 9.1% | 14,798 | -2.2 |
| Portland | Oregon | 5.0 | 6.5% | 6,900 | +3.0 |
| Los Angeles County | California | 4.8 | 16.2% | 11,744 | +2.9 |
| Detroit | Michigan | 4.7 | 14.4% | 11,920 | +1.7 |
| Boise | Idaho | 4.5 | 11.6% | 1,325 | +2.0 |
| Des Moines | Iowa | 4.5 | 13.7% | 3,330 | +2.2 |
| San Bernardino | California | 4.5 | 16.2% | 10,637 | +2.4 |
| Kansas City | Missouri | 4.4 | 13.0% | 3,921 | +2.4 |
| Salt Lake City | Utah | 4.3 | 14.0% | 4,763 | +2.4 |
| Oakland Park | Florida | 4.1 | 16.2% | 7,249 | +0.9 |
| San Antonio | Texas | 4.0 | 8.1% | 14,005 | +1.4 |
| Fort Smith | Arkansas | 4.0 | 8.0% | 1,191 | +1.9 |
| Los Angeles | California | 3.9 | 12.9% | 10,409 | +1.6 |
| Nashville | Tennessee | 3.9 | 9.8% | 5,918 | +0.9 |
| Washington | District of Columbia | 3.8 | 6.3% | 12,178 | +1.5 |
| Milwaukee | Wisconsin | 3.8 | 13.4% | 3,491 | +0.7 |
| San Francisco | California | 3.7 | 3.6% | 13,095 | +2.0 |
| Spokanenot rated | Washington | — | — | 706 | — |
| New Jersey Central | New Jersey | 3.6 | 17.3% | 7,315 | +0.9 |
| Honolulu | Hawaii | 3.5 | 5.3% | 3,089 | +1.3 |
| Sacramento | California | 3.4 | 11.1% | 12,219 | +0.5 |
| Atlanta | Georgia | 3.4 | 8.8% | 14,618 | +1.2 |
| Miami | Florida | 3.4 | 11.8% | 6,858 | +1.3 |
| Louisville | Kentucky | 3.3 | 20.2% | 3,500 | +1.9 |
| Seattle | Washington | 3.3 | 7.7% | 12,561 | +2.1 |
| Phoenix | Arizona | 3.2 | 8.1% | 8,988 | +0.9 |
| Yakima | Washington | 3.2 | 12.8% | 1,237 | +1.8 |
| San Jose | California | 3.1 | 3.8% | 13,836 | -0.4 |
| Charlotte | North Carolina | 3.1 | 8.6% | 6,632 | +1.2 |
| Hartford | Connecticut | 3.0 | 10.5% | 7,289 | -1.1 |
| El Paso | Texas | 3.0 | 8.5% | 4,614 | +0.9 |
| Memphis | Tennessee | 2.9 | 12.5% | 2,088 | -0.6 |
| Brooklyn | New York | 2.9 | 16.2% | 16,040 | -0.1 |
| Anchorage | Alaska | 2.9 | 11.7% | 892 | +0.9 |
| Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 2.9 | 6.0% | 1,792 | +0.4 |
| Cleveland | Ohio | 2.8 | 8.4% | 2,637 | +0.9 |
| Wichita | Kansas | 2.7 | 7.0% | 1,008 | +0.5 |
| Charleston | South Carolina | 2.7 | 13.4% | 2,319 | +1.2 |
| St. Louis | Missouri | 2.7 | 3.6% | 2,787 | -1.2 |
| Baltimore | Maryland | 2.7 | 10.5% | 12,018 | -0.5 |
| Mount Laurel | New Jersey | 2.7 | 19.0% | 4,525 | +0.4 |
| Portland | Maine | 2.7 | 10.7% | 805 | -2.8 |
| Long Island | New York | 2.7 | 12.7% | 8,765 | +0.1 |
| Providence | Rhode Island | 2.6 | 19.2% | 2,097 | -0.7 |
| Reno | Nevada | 2.5 | 8.2% | 1,083 | -0.0 |
| Hialeah | Florida | 2.5 | 13.0% | 6,694 | +1.1 |
| Kendall | Florida | 2.4 | 10.4% | 8,212 | +0.8 |
| Norfolk | Virginia | 2.4 | 7.6% | 3,410 | +0.4 |
| New York | New York | 2.4 | 12.0% | 15,782 | -0.8 |
| Tucson | Arizona | 2.4 | 5.2% | 1,736 | -0.0 |
| Chicago | Illinois | 2.4 | 7.4% | 18,329 | +0.1 |
| Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 2.4 | 10.9% | 13,720 | +0.3 |
| Greer | South Carolina | 2.3 | 5.0% | 2,877 | +1.0 |
| St. Albans | Vermont | 2.3 | 6.0% | 462 | -2.2 |
| Albuquerque | New Mexico | 2.2 | 3.5% | 1,192 | -0.4 |
| Columbus | Ohio | 2.2 | 6.4% | 3,540 | -0.1 |
| Harlingen | Texas | 2.2 | 6.0% | 2,589 | -0.1 |
| San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2.1 | 8.4% | 935 | +0.6 |
| Manchester | New Hampshire | 2.1 | 8.0% | 1,003 | -1.0 |
| Albany | New York | 1.9 | 9.5% | 2,134 | -0.6 |
| Montgomery | Alabama | 1.9 | 2.4% | 3,229 | +0.5 |
| Queens | New York | 1.6 | 13.8% | 10,195 | -1.8 |
| Cincinnati | Ohio | 1.3 | 8.3% | 1,871 | -0.7 |
| Charlotte Amalienot rated | U.S. Virgin Islands | — | — | 97 | — |
| Chula Vistanot rated | California | — | — | 0 | — |
| Dover AFBnot rated | Delaware | — | — | 0 | — |
| Helenanot rated | Montana | — | — | 305 | — |
| Charlestonnot rated | West Virginia | — | — | 0 | — |
| Agananot rated | Guam | — | — | 557 | — |
| Christianstednot rated | U.S. Virgin Islands | — | — | 130 | — |
Offices completing fewer than 200 cases in the quarter are marked not rated: their case numbers are shown, but a rate built on so few decisions would move several points on a single case, so no rate is given. Queue is cases waiting divided by cases decided in the quarter.
How this is built
The queue figure is the number of cases waiting for a decision divided by the number of cases the office decided in the quarter. If an office has 8,000 cases pending and decided 2,000 last quarter, it has four quarters of work queued. It describes the office, not your case.
The denial rate is denials divided by the cases the office decided in the quarter, approvals plus denials. It is not a civics-test pass rate. USCIS does not publish a test pass rate by office or by state, so this index does not show one. Most denials turn on eligibility, residence, or good moral character rather than on the test.
Rates are withheld from small offices. Below 200 completed cases in a quarter, one decision can move a rate by several points. Those offices keep their counts and lose their rate rather than being quietly dropped.
None of this is under an applicant's control. The civics test is the part that is: unlike the case data, the questions are fully published, and every official one of them is in our free US citizenship test practice.
Comparisons run year over year, quarter against the same quarter twelve months earlier, because naturalization receipts are strongly seasonal.
We describe what the published case data shows. We do not predict individual outcomes, and no figure on this page is a forecast of how any particular application will be decided. Full method: METHODOLOGY.md. The whole dataset is free to download and reuse: CSV or JSON.
Sources, data notes and caveats
Where the numbers come from
- USCIS, Number of Form N-400 Applications for Naturalization by Category of Naturalization, Case Status, and USCIS Field OfficeThe nine quarterly workbooks are committed in data/raw/. Direct file URLs are listed per quarter below.
- DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, Table 23: Persons Naturalized by State or Territory of ResidencePublished June 2026. Counts are rounded to the nearest 10 by the publisher. This counts people who COMPLETED naturalization and is a different measure from the N-400 case actions above.
- USCIS Historical Processing Times factsheet, FY2016 to FY2024This is a CYCLE-TIME median. USCIS states it is not comparable to the 80th-percentile figures shown on the live processing-times tool. The two must never be plotted on one axis.
- USCIS Case Processing Times toolNOT used as an input to this index. Recorded here because it is the figure most readers arrive with. It publishes only the 80th percentile (80% of cases completed within N months), never a median, and USCIS keeps no public history of it. See scripts/wait-times/ for the forward-looking capture.
- USCIS, 2025 Civics TestN-400 filed before 20 October 2025: 2008 test, up to 10 of 100 questions, 6 to pass. Filed on or after: 2025 test, 20 of 128 questions, 12 to pass.
- USCIS Naturalization Test PerformanceNo per-office or per-state pass rate is published anywhere. No pass-rate data exists yet for the 2025 test version. This index therefore reports no pass rates at office or state level.
What these numbers do and do not mean
- This measures cases, not tests. Nothing here is a civics-test pass rate. USCIS publishes no pass rate by field office or by state, and none is estimated on this page. Most denials turn on eligibility, continuous residence, or good moral character rather than on the test.
- The queue figure is a description of an office, not a prediction about you. It is cases waiting divided by cases decided in the quarter, so it reads as quarters of work already queued at the office's current rate of work. Your own case can be faster or slower for reasons that have nothing to do with the size of the queue.
- Small offices are not rated. Below 200 completed cases in the quarter, a single decision can swing a rate by several points, so we publish the counts and withhold the rate.
- Suppressed cells. USCIS replaces small counts with a “D” to avoid disclosing individuals. We carry those through as unknown, never as zero, which is why a few offices have counts but no rate.
- Two processing-time measures exist and they are not comparable. The USCIS processing-times tool publishes an 80th percentile, meaning 80% of cases finish within that many months. The historical factsheet publishes a median on a different, cycle-time basis. USCIS states these should not be compared. We keep them apart, and neither one feeds the queue figure.
- Pending is not a running total. USCIS states that some case actions are not reflected across reporting periods, so a quarter's pending count cannot be reconstructed by adding receipts to, and subtracting completions from, the quarter before.
- Figures get restated. USCIS revises earlier quarters without notice. Every number here is as published in the workbook listed above, for October 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025.
All sources last verified July 2026. Spot an error? Tell us and we will check it against the source.